Five-speed transmission



Aug. 8, 1944. w, A. DUFFIELD FIVE-SPEED TRANSMISSION Filed March 24, 1943 @L n wwf N va e. m & 0

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Patented Aug. 8, 1944 william a. pamela, winmx, ontario, canna, asalgnor to Windiieids, Limited, Montreal, Quebec. Canada, a corporation `of Canada application ma 24, 19.43, sei-iii No. 4so,z'zo

8 Claims. (Cl. 'I4-189.5)

The obiect of my invention is to provide a speed varying transmission having a capacity of five forward speeds and a reverse.

The accompanying drawing illustrates my invention.

Fig. 1 is an axial section of an embodiment of my invention; and

Fig. 2 is a section showing parts of the torqueresponsive clutch.

In the drawing I indicates. an input shaft carrying the impeller element Il of a fluid coupling which comprises a first runner l2 and a second runner I2 arranged in'series so that the torroidal flow of the duid therein is in series from the impeller through the rst runner, thence through the second runner, and back to the impeller.

Coaxial with the input shaft I2 is a shaft I4 carrying a sun gear I5. Sleeved over shaft I4 is a sleeve shaft Il carrying a sun gear I1 adja-- cent gear I5. Sleeved over sleeve shaft I2 is a sleeve shaft I5 carrying a sun gear I2 adjacent gear l1. Coaxial with shaft I4 and enclosing gears I5, I1 and I9 is a gear carrier 22 within which is Journalled a planetary gear unit PU comprising a gear 2i meshing with gear I5, a gear 22 meshing with gear I1, a gear 22 meshing with gear I9, and a gear 24 meshing with an output gear 25 journalled in pocket 2l in the inner end of the output shaft 22. Gear 25 is provided with a sleeve hub 25' which is rotatively interlocked at 22 with a spider 29 Journalled on the inner end of the output shaft and provided with radial 1ingers 20, each of which engages the short inner arm of a weighted lever 2i, each of which is pivoted on a pin 22 carried by clutch casing 22 in such manner that forward rotation of the spider 22 resists centrifugal forces tending to swing said levers outwardly.

Interposed between clutchcasing 22 and carrier 20 is a clutch C comprising interdigitated friction rings 25, pressure ring 25, and abutment springs 31 of usual and well known construction. Each lever 2l carries a toggle T interposed be- -tween casing 22 and ring 25 in such manner that outward swing of lever 2| causes the toggle to move the pressure ring 25 to clamping position relative to the friction rings 25.

The output shaft 25 is provided with a flange 42 to which clutch casing 22 is connected by rivets 4I. The main bodies of flange 42 and casing 22'are axially separated to permit the interposition of one or more .planetary gears 42 each journalled on a pin 4,2 extending between ange u, carried by carrier n maxim with the `sunl gears, and gears 42 also mesh with anorbit gear 45 carriedby a drum 42 journalled upon the outpui snm n and within the housing 41. A manually controllable brake band 48 is associated with drum 42 inv-such manner that the drum may be selectively held against rotation.

Aso

42 and casing 22. Gears 42 mesh with a gear 55 splined upon sleeve I2 is a drum 50 with which is associated a manually controllable brake band 5I. Journalled on bearings 52 on the sleeve hub of drum 50 is a drum 52 with which is associated a manually controllable brake band 54, and` interposed between drum 52 and carrier 2'2")is a one-way clutch 55 which serves to hold carrier 22 againstreverse rotation when drum 52 Is held stationary, but permits forward rotation of the carrier.

Interposed between shaft I4 and runner I2 is a one-way clutch 55 by which forward rotation may be imparted to shaft I4 by runner I2, but which permits forward rotation of shaft I4 relative to runner I2.

Runner l2 is splined to sleeve shaft I8.

Gear I5 is smaller than gear Il; gear I1 is smaller than gear I9; gears I5 and Il are smaller than gear 25; and gear 25 -is smaller than gear I2. Gears 24, 2|, 22 and 22 are appropriately' dimensioned to simultaneously mesh, respectively, with gears 25, I5, I1, and Il.

OPraArroN First speed vJon'umird Drum 50 is held against rotation and brake 54 is released from drum 52, so that gear I5 is held against rotation and carrier 20 is. free for reverse rotation. Brake 48 is released from drum 44. Impeller II being rotated, the flow of power is through I2, 55, I4, I5, and 2| to gear 24, which, because gear I2 is stationary and carrier 20 is free to rotate reversely, rolls around gear I9. At the same time gear 24 is being rotated about its own axis, as well as revolved about the axis of shaft I4. Revolution y,of gear 24 produces reverse rotation of gear 25, but, because of the radius differentials of the pairs 22-I2 and 24-25, there is a resultant forward rotation of gear 25, which, acting on'spider, 25 and thence through fingers 2li, pins 22, and flange 40, imparts low speed for- 4 ward rotation to the output shaft 28.

Second speed forward force to sleeve shaft It so that the flow of power is thence through II, 22, 2t (rolling on Il), 2l, 2l, and thence to the output shaft, as described above, to produce second speed forward.

Third speed forward When the differential between input torque and output torque is sufficiently decreased, the operator releases drum It and brings brake Il into engagement with drum I3 so as to prevent reverse rotation of carrier 20. Thereupon the flow of power is through I2, Il, Il, I5, 2|, 2l, 25, 2l and thence to the output shaft as described above to produce third speed forward.

Fourth speed forward i As the differential between input and output torque further decreases the ilow of power will be through It, It, I1, 22,` 24, 25 and thence to' the output shaft as described above to produce fourth speed forward.

Fifth speed forward As the differential between the input and output torque further decreases, the centrifugal forces acting on levers 3| become suflicient to overcome the resistance offered by spider 29 so that they move outwardly to cause toggles T to activate clutch C so that carrier 20 is clutched directly to the output shaft and the flow'of power is from runners I2 and I3 through thelocked epicyclic gearing as a unitt the output shaft.

Whenever the parts are in high speed condition and the differential between-input torque and load torque sufllciently increases, levers 3l will be automatically returned to their inner positions due to the forces exerted thereon by spider 2l and fourth speed power will be automatically reestablished. Further increase of differential between input torque and output torque will automatically shiftthe flow of power away from runner I3 back to runner I2 so that the third speed power iiow will be automatically established without any manual manipulation by the operator. Further increase of differential between input torque and output torque tending to stall the motor makes it necessary for the operator to release brake 54 and return brake 5I into engagement with drum 50 so that the necessary relationship for first or second speeds is reestablished, the shift from one to the other in either direction being entirely automatic in accordance with variations in the differential between input torque and output torque.

Whenever runner I3 is able to exert a driving force on gear 22, shaft -Il is rotated at a higher speed, but this is permitted by reason of the oneway clutch 56 which is interposed between said shaft and runner I2.

Reverse operation Drum 50 is held so as to hold gear I9 against rotation, brake $4 is released from drum 53 and brake 4B is set upon drum 46 to hold gear I5. The initial flow of power is then from runner I2 through 56, I4, I5, and 2| to roll gear 22, reversely around gear I9 to reversely rotate carrier 2l and gear M thereby causing gear 42 to roll reversely within gear 45 and thus, through flange Il, rotating the output shaft 28 reversely. During this operation the action of'gear 24 through gear 2B, spider 29 and arms 30 on levers 3|, prevents said levers from swinging outwardly and thus keeps clutch C in inactive condition. Upon sufficient decrease of the differential between input and load torque, runner Il assumes the load so that the power flow is from I2 through It and I'I to 22 and thence rolling gear 23 reversely around gear I! carrying with it reversely carrier 2l and gear M to roll gear I2- reversely within gear 4l and carry with it reversely flange Il and the output shaft 2t.

I claim as my invention:

l. A speed change gearing comprising a first sun gear, means for rotating said gear, a second larger sun gear coaxial with the rst gear, means for rotating said second gear, a third gear larger than said sun 'gears and coaxial therewith, an output shaft coaxial with said gears, a driving connection between the third gear and the output shaft, a fourth gear coaxial with and larger than said three gears, means by which said fourth gear may be selectively held against rotation, a planetary gear unit comprising four portions simultaneously meshing respectively with said four coaxial gears, a carrier forl said planetary gear unit coaxial with said four gears, means for se lectively blocking or permitting reverse rotation of said carrier but permitting foward rotation thereof, a gear carried by said carrier and coaxial therewith, a planetary gear carried by the output shaft and meshing with said coaxial gear 'carried by the carrier, an orbit gear meshing with said last-mentioned planetary gear, means by which said orbit gear may be selectively held against rotation or released, and means for selectively coupling the third gear and the carrier of the unit planetary gear for unit rotation about the axis of the sun gears.

2. A speed change gearing4 comprising a first sun gear. means for rotating said gear, a second sun gear, means for rotating said second gear, a. third gear coaxial with said sun gears, an output shaft coaxial with said gears, a driving connection between said third gear and output shaft. a fourth gear coaxial with said three gears and larger than the third gear. means by which said fourth gear may be selectively held against rotation, a planetary gear unit comprising four portions simultaneously meshing respectively with said four coaxial gears, a carrier for said planetary gear unit coaxial with said four gears, means for selectively blocking or permitting reverse rotation of said carrier but permitting forward rotation thereof, a gear carried by said carrier and coaxial therewith, a planetary gear carried by the output shaft and meshing with said coaxial gear carried by the carrier, an orbit gear meshing with said last-mentioned planetary gear, means by which said orbit gear may be selectively held against rotation or released, and means for selectively coupling the third gear and the carrier of the unit planetary gear for unit rotation iirstgeanathirdgearlargerthansaidsungears and coaxial therewith, an output shaft coaxial with said gears, a driving connection between the third gear and the output shaft, a fourth gear coaxial with and larger than said three gears, means by which said fourth gear may be selectively held against rotation, a planetary gear unit comprising four portions simultaneously meshing respectively with said four coaxial gears, a carrier for said planetary gear unit coaxial with said four gears. means for selectively blocking or permitting reverse rotation of said carrier but permitting forward rotation thereof, a gear carried by said carrier coaxial therewith, a planetary dell' carried by the output shaft and-meshing with said coaxial gear carried by the carrier, an orbit gear mesh'- ing with said last-mentioned planetary gear,

-means =by which said orbit gear may be selectively held against rotation or released. means for selectively coupling the third gear and the carrier of the unit planetary gear for unit rotation about the axes of the sun gears. and a fluidcoupling input assembly. comprising an impeller. a ilrstrunner connected to the first gear by a one-way forwarding clutch, and a second runner connected with the second sun gear.

4. A speed change gearing comprising a first sun gear, a second sun gear coaxial with the first gear, a third gear coaxial therewith, an output shaft coaxial with said gears, a driving connection between the third gear and the output shaft, a fourth gearcoaxial with and larger than said third gear, means by which said fourth gear may be selectively held against rotation, a planetary gear unit comprising four portions simultaneously meshing respectively with said four coaxial gears, a carrier for said planetary gear unit coaxial with said four gears, means for selectively blocking or permitting forward rotation thereof, a gear carried by said carrier coaxial therewith, a planetary gear carried by the output shaft and meshing with said coaxial gear carried by the carrier, an orbit gear meshing with said last-mentioned planetary gear, means by which said orbit gear may be selectively held against rotation or released, means for selectively coupling the third gear and the carrier of the unit planetary gear for unit rotation about the axes of the sun gears. and a lhuid-coupling input assembly comprising an impeller, a first runner connected to the 'first gear by a one-way forwarding clutch, and a second runner connected with the second'sun gear.

Y ammirare 5.v Apparatus of the character specified in claim 2, wherein the driving connection between the third gear and the output shaft comprises a clutch interposed between the output shaft and the carrier of the unit planetary gear, a speedsensitii'feactuator for 4said clutch and a resistor 7. Apparatus of the character specified in' claim 2, wherein the driving connection between the third gear and the output shaft comprises a clutch interposed between the output shaft and the carrier of the unit planetary gear. a planetary speed-sensitive lever pivoted eccentrically on the output shaft and a connectionv between the third gear and said lever whereby forward torque on said third gear opposes acting on said lever. 8. Apparatus lof the character specified in claim 4, wherein the driving connection between the third gear and theA output shaftl comprises a clutch interposed between the output -shaft and the carrier of the unit planetary gear. a planetary speed-sensitive lever pivoted eccentrically on the output shaft and a connection between the third gear and said lever whereby forward torque on said third gear opposes cenacting on said lever.

WILLIAM A. DUFFIEID.

centrifugal forces v l 

